
It can take different forms, but generally involves an inferior navy avoiding direct engagement, while still actively providing strategic effects at sea, for example by attacking trade. The fleet-in-being strategy is used by an inferior navy to deny a stronger navy command of the sea through harassment and evasion. In addition to preparing to counter this threat in the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean, naval planners should also be alert to its potential impact on operations in the western Pacific.

Navy and Marine Corps planners should incorporate it into relevant wargames as well as contingency and operational planning for combatant commands. Given the risk posed by this potential Iranian strategy, U.S.
